a. The tonic note of a minor scale gives the key of the scale. For example, a minor scale with a tonic of "c" is in the key of c minor.

b. To determine the order of sharp minor keys, begin with the key with no flats or sharps ("a" minor). Count up five scale degrees (e minor). Then, start on "e" and count up five more scale degrees. Continue this until all keys are identified (Figure 3-3).

c. Although the tonics in natural minor differ from major, the placement of sharps remains the same (Figure 3-4).

d. To find the order of flat minor keys, begin with the key of no flats or sharps ("a" minor). Count up four scale degrees (d minor). Then, start on "d" and count up four more scale degrees. Continue this until all keys are identified (Figure 3-5).

e. Although the tonics in natural minor differ from major, the placement of flats remains the same (Figure 3-6).