a. The formula for the Phrygian modal scale is NLN (Figure 4-14).

b. The Phrygian scale's half/whole step relationship corresponds to a white key scale from E to E on the piano keyboard (Figure 4-15).

c. A Circle of Phrygian Keys can be constructed by using the Major Circle of Fifths and shifting the number of flats four keys to the left. You can figure out the number of flats or sharps by adding four flats or subtracting four sharps to the parallel major scale. The e Phrygian scale has no flats or sharps (Figure 4-16).

d. The Phrygian scale has a lowered subtonic ( 2), mediant ( 3), submediant ( 6), and subtonic ( 7) when compared to its parallel major scale. (Figure 4-17).

e. The Phrygian scale has a lowered supertonic ( 2) when compared to its parallel natural minor scale (Figure 4-18).