a. The formula for the Locrian modal scale is NNL (Figure 4-19).

b. The Locrian scale's half/whole step relationship corresponds to a white scale key from B to B on a piano keyboard (Figure 4-20).

c. A Circle of Locrian keys can be constructed by using the Major Circle of Fifths and shifting the number of flats five keys to the left. You can figure out the number of flats or sharps by adding five flats or subtracting five sharps to the parallel major scale. The b Locrian scale has no flats or sharps (Figure 4-21).

d. The Locrian scale has a lowered supertonic (flat 2), mediant (flat 3), dominant (flat 5), submediant (flat 6), and subtonic (flat 7) when compared to its parallel major scale. The subdominant is the only scale degree that remains unaltered (Figure 4-22).