a. An easy way to remember modal scales is to use a mnemonic IDPLMAL, which stands for I Don’t Punch Like Muhammad ALi. Each letter stands for a modal scale: I for Ionian, D for Dorian, P for Phrygian, L for Lydian, M for Mixolydian, A for Aeolian and L for Locrian.

b. By assigning the numbers from 1 to 7 for each letter of IDPLMAL, you can determine the scale degree of a major scale a modal scale starts on and then build a model for that modal scale (Figure 4-23).

c. Another way to remember modal scales is to relate them to a major scale and how each scale degree is altered. (Figure 4-24).