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2.13.  EMPENNAGE GROUP

The tail section of an aircraft consists of the horizontal stabilizer and elevator, vertical stabilizer, and rudder as shown in figure 2.8.

The horizontal stabilizer gives the pilot control about the aircraft's lateral (pitch) axis. Some aircraft have a flying tail in which there is no elevator, only one large movable surface called a stabilizer.

The vertical stabilizer acts the same as a keel surface on a boat, and it is needed for adequate directional stability. The rudder is also used for the same purpose as a rudder on a boat and it controls the aircraft around its vertical (yaw) axis.


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