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Exercises for Lesson 1 1. Plasma constitutes approximately _____ percentage of the blood and is composed mainly of _____. - a. 45 percent; water.
- b. 50 percent; protoplasm.
- c. 55 percent; water.
- d. 70 percent; cytoplasm.
2. What does chromatin regulate in a cell during maturation? - a. Movement.
- b. Growth.
- c. Granulation.
- d. Waste products.
3. Cytoplasmic granulation is usually due to cytoplasmic: - a. Fibrils.
- b. Inclusions.
- c. Organelles.
- d. Parachromatin.
4. When stained with Wright's stain, what is the color of the normal erythrocyte and how is it accented? - a. Light orange granular zone.
- b. Pale green, central pale zone.
- c. Pale, greenish-yellowish, central pale zone.
- d. Buff pink, central zone of pallor.
Exercise items 5 through 10 require you to select the name of the particle, activity or definition of the typical cell structure as shown below. 
5. A grayish, viscous liquid living substance within the cell that regulates the interchange of materials between the cell and the environment is called: - a. Cytoplasm.
- b. Protoplasm.
- c. Centriole.
- d. Mitochondria.
6. The nuclear fibrils that possibly regulate growth activity during maturation and are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and protein are called: - a. Lysosome.
- b. Golgi apparatus.
- c. Chromatin.
- d. Mitochondria.
7. Which chromatin substances are contained within cytoplasm and are classified as organelles? - a. All granules, filaments, and globules inside the nucleus.
- b. Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, fibrils, and centrioles are some of them.
- c. Some granules, filaments, and globules inside the nucleus.
8. Which organoid substance appears like a cork-screw cigar? - a. Golgi apparatus.
- b. Fibrils.
- c. Centrioles.
- d. Mitochondria.
9. Mitochondria is defined in this subcourse as: - a. A meshwork of lipid containing fibrils within the cytoplasmic portion of a cell.
- b. A spherical or oval body surrounded by a thin membrane (nuclear membrane).
- c. Granular components of a cell cytoplasm active in oxidative processes.
- d. A minute cell organoid within the centrosome.
10. Centriole is defined in this subcourse as: - a. A meshwork of lipid containing fibrils within the cytoplasmic portion of a cell.
- b. A spherical or oval body surrounded by a thin membrane (nuclear membrane).
- c. Granular components of a cell cytoplasm active in oxidative processes.
- d. A minute cell organoid within the centrosome.
11. Only nucleated red blood cells are formed in the islands of the yolk sac during the _____ of embryonic development. - a. First two months.
- b. Third to fifth months.
- c. Fifth to final months.
- d. Entire duration.
12. The bone marrow is the principal organ of red blood cell production during the myeloid phase as well as at birth and during the remainder of life. - a. First two months.
- b. Third to fifth months.
- c. Fifth to final months.
- d. Entire duration.
13. As the child matures, myelopoiesis is increasingly confined to the: - a. Bones.
- b. Medullary sites.
- c. Ligaments.
- d. Muscles.
14. Which definition of myelopoeisis is correct? - a. It is the production of blood cells and bone marrow by the kidney.
- b. It is the production of blood cells and bone marrow by the liver.
- c. It is the production of blood cells and bone marrow by the bone marrow (medullary site of production).
- d. A decrease in the number of neutrophils in the blood.
15. During the formation of blood cells, which tissue is their primary source? - a. Striated tissue.
- b. Mesenchyme connective tissue in the embryo.
- c. Liver.
- d. Tissue thromboplastin.
16. The three types of granulation occurring during normal cell maturation that become more specific and smaller as the cell matures are: - a. Basophilic, hematopoietic, and eosinophilic.
- b. Non-hematopietic, neutrophilic, and eosinophilic.
- c. Netrophilic, basophilic, an eosinophilic.
- d. Basophllic, neutrophilic, and idiopathic.
17. Immature blood cells that are so young that they can hardly be distinguished morphologically from each other are called: - a. First cells.
- b. Blast cells.
- c. Band cells.
- d. Monocytes.
18. What occurs to the RNA content of the blast cell as it matures? - a. Increases.
- b. Decreases.
- c. All of the above.
19. Generally speaking, as normal cells maturate: - a. The nucleus decreases in size.
- b. The cytoplasm differentiates.
- c. The cell reduces in size.
- d. All of the above.
20. What color does the blast cell develop into as it matures? - a. Green.
- b. Dark purple.
- c. Blue.
- d. Pinkish-purple.
21. Lymphocytes during normal cell maturation are devoid of cytoplasmic granulation but can possess nonspecific _____ granules. - a. Azurophilic.
- b. Dark green.
- c. Light pink.
- d. Rich orange.
22. What colors do basophilic and neutrophilic granules appear when Wright's stain is applied? - a. Pink or brown-orange.
- b. Red-orange; blue-black.
- c. Blue-black; pinkish-purple.
- d. Reddish-purple; blue-black.
23. With Wright’s stain, eosinophilic granules appear large and: - a. Pink or brown.
- b. Red-orange.
- c. Blue-black.
- d. Reddish-purple.
24. With Wright’s stain, the nonspecific azurophilic granule is: - a. Pink or brown.
- b. Red-orange.
- c. Colorless.
- d. Red/dark purple.
25. The presence of _____ shaped nucleoli is generally a sign of a cell _____. - a. Oblong; maturity.
- b. Crater; immaturity.
- c. Lacelike; cytoplasmic change.
- d. Coarse; granulocytic change.
26. Abnormal cytoplasmic maturation is seen most frequently in: - a. Monocytes.
- b. Lymphocytes.
- c. Granulocytes.
- d. Erythrocytes.
27. What are Dohle bodies? - a. Immture erythrocytes.
- b. Atypical monocytes.
- c. Abnormal lymphocytes.
- d. Inclusions in the cytoplasm.
28. What is another term for normal cell maturation? - a. Polychromatic development.
- b. Synchronous development.
- c. Asynchronous development.
- d. Rieder development.
29. What term is used to describe abnormal cell maturation or uncoordinated cell development? - a. abnormal mitosis.
- b. Asynchronous development.
- c. Binary fission.
- d. Synchronous development.
30. If asynchronism occurs in the cytoplasm, where would it most commonly be seen? - a. Granulocytes.
- b. Nucleolus.
- c. Lysosome.
- d. Mitochondria.
31. When there is abnormal cell maturation, where do inclusions occur? - a. Cell membrane.
- b. Nucleus.
- c. Cytoplasm.
- d. Fat droplet.
32 Which cytoplasmic cells show basophilia late in the series and hemoglobinization retardation during abnormal cells maturation? - a. Monocytes.
- b. Lymphocytes.
- c. Granulocytes.
- d. Erythrocytes.
33. What type of inclusions are seen in leukemia? - a. Auer rods.
- b. Rieder cells.
- c. Juvenile cells.
- d. Macrocytosis.
- e. Aplastic anemia.
34. When a cell is maturing abnormally, how many nuclei might it have if it has a severe disturbance such as leukemia? - a. 0.
- b. 1.
- c. 2.
- d. 3.
35. The nuclei of abnormal cells often have: - a. Two nuclei, in severe disturbances, as in leukemia.
- b. Reduced reduction of nucleoli.
- c. Undifferentiating granules.
- d. All of the above.
36. Hyposegmented nuclei occur in the neutrophils in _____ and in pernicious _____. - a. Sepsis; leukemia.
- b. Sepsis; anemia.
- c. Sepsis; hemotoma.
- d. Sepsis; sickle cell anemia.
37. Homeostasis is defined as: - a. Biological constancy or integrity of blood or the checking of the flow of blood, especially from a vessel.
- b. The spitting of blood; coughing up blood.
- c. Infection of the marrow; infectious disease.
- d. Blood cells reaching full maturity and entering the mainstream to begin their functions.
38. Which statement is correct concerning the function of the blood cell? - a. Individually, each component of blood provides the maintenance for a relatively stable environment of the body by a variety of mechanisms.
- b. Together, the blood components provide the maintenance for a relatively stable environment of the body by a variety of mechanisms.
39. One function of the erythrocyte is to aid in the maintenance of the delicate acid- base buffer system of the body. Which part of the cell performs this function? - a. Hemoglobin.
- b. Membrane.
- c. Lysosome.
- d. Glycoproteins.
40. Which are the oxygen-carrying cells of the body? - a. Monocytes.
- b. Granulocytes.
- c. Lymphocytes.
- d. Erythrocytes.
41. _____ mainly controls the level of oxygen in the tissues. - a. Hemoglobin.
- b. Chemotaxis.
- c. Phagocytosis.
- d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone.
42. Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are considered to be the _____ of (in) the blood. - a. Coagulation factors.
- b. Immunologic functions.
- c. Components.
- d. Antibodies.
43. Which cells possess the powers of locomotion and phagocytosis? - a. Erythrocytes.
- b. Leukocytes.
- c. Thrombocytes.
- d. Platelets.
44. Which cell is able to phagocytize the largest particles and because of this is called macrophage? - a. Neutrophils.
- b. Eosinophils.
- c. Basophils.
- d. Monocytes.
45. Which cell has the main function of transporting O2 to the tissues and removing CO2? - a. Neutrophils.
- b. Eosinophils.
- c. Basophils.
- d. Erythrocyte.
46. Which cell is surrounded by cellular pseudopodia and is not injured by “combat activity” taking place in the vacuole? - a. Eosinophils.
- b. Neutrophils.
- c. Monocytes.
- d. Basophils.
47. Which cell is incapable of mitotic division? - a. Eosinophils.
- b. Neutrophils.
- c. Monocytes.
- d. Basophils.
48. Which statement is correct? - a. Monocytes are cells containing foreign bodies with substances released from the cytoplasm.
- b. Lymphocytes are now believed to contain heparin.
- c. Easinophils are involved with antigen-antibody reactions and eat antigen- antibody reactants.
- d. Basophils may be involved in attracting cells to substances and then either transport or engulf them.
49. Cellular particles associated with the clotting of blood are: - a. Thrombocytes (platelets).
- b. Hemoglobin particles.
- c. White blood cells.
- d. Red blood cells.
50. Which statement is correct? - a. Platelets possess metabolic systems, expend energy, respond to stimuli, and then disintegrate.
- b. Platelets possess metabolic systems, mobilize the bone marrow, expend energy, and respond to stimuli.
- c. Platelets possess carbon dioxide and metabolic systems, expend energy, and respond to stimuli.
- d. Platelets possess metabolic systems, expend energy, respond to stimuli, and undergo glycolysis.
SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 1 - 1. c
- 2. b
- 3.b
- 4.d
- 5.b
- 6.c
- 7.b
- 8.d
- 9. c
- 10. d
- 11. a
- 12. c
- 13. a
- 14.c
- 15.b
- 16.c
- 17.b
- 18.b
- 19. d
- 20. c
- 21. a
- 22. c
- 23. b
- 24. d
- 25. b
| - 26. c
- 27. d
- 28. b
- 29. b
- 30. a
- 31. c
- 32. d
- 33. a
- 34. c
- 35. d
- 36. b
- 37. a
- 38. b
- 39. a
- 40. d
- 41. a
- 42. c
- 43. b
- 44. d
- 45. d
- 46. b
- 47. b
- 48. c
- 49. a
- 50. d
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