1.4 Exercises for Lesson 1

1. What is anatomy?

2. What is the body type for each of the following individuals?

A broad individual

A slim individual

A person with average build

3. What kind of anatomical study is described by each of the items below?

Study of structures that cannot be seen with the unaided eye

Study of relationships between functions and structures

Study of the nervous system

Study of organ systems: .

4. What are the five levels or systems into which the body is organized, in ascending order?

5. What is a cell?

6. What is a tissue?

7. What is an organ?

8. What is an organ system?

9. What is the total organism?

10. What are the parts of the upper member?

11. What are the parts of the lower member?

12. What is one reason for studying terminology?

13. Describe the anatomical position.

a. The body stands with together

b. The upper members are along the with palms facing

c. The head faces

14. Each plane in figure 1-5 is marked by a letter a, b, c, or d. Write the name of each plane in the appropriate space below.

a. _____ plane.

b. _____ plane.

c. _____ plane.

d. _____ plane.

Figure 1-5. Planes of the body (exercise 14).

15. In figure 1-6, three points are labeled a, b, and c, and two borders are labeled d and e. It is correct to say that a is to b and c, b is to a and to c, and c is to a and b. We speak of d as the border. We speak of e as the border.

Figure 1-6. Directions (exercise 15).

16. In figure 1-7, three portions of the arm are marked a, b, and c. The two ends of the arm are marked d and e. The portion marked a is the third. The portion marked c is the third. The end marked d is the end. The end marked e is the end.

Figure 1-7. Directions upon members (exercise 16).

17. A cell is the unit of body organization.

18. In figure 1-8, parts of a "typical animal cell" are marked with the letters a through g. In the spaces below, provide the name of each structure.

Figure 1-8. A "typical" animal cell (exercise 18).

Answers to Exercises for Lesson 1

1. Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body.

2. A broad individual: endomorph.

A slim individual: ectomorph.

A person with average build: mesomorph.

3. Study of structures that cannot be seen with the unaided eye: microscopic anatomy.

Study of relationships between functions and structures: functional anatomy.

Study of the nervous system: neuroanatomy.

Study of organ systems: gross anatomy by systems.

4. The body is organized into cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the total organism.

5. A cell is the smallest discrete living unit of the body construction.

6. A tissue is a grouping of like cells working together.

7. An organ is a structure composed of several different tissues performing a particular function.

8. An organ system is a group of organs performing an overall function together.

9. The total organism is the individual human being.

10. The parts of the upper member are the shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.

11. The parts of the lower member are the hip, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot.

12. One reason for studying terminology is to be successful in a medical field. Another reason is to be able to communicate well.

13. The anatomical position is described as follows:

a. The body stands erect, with heels together.
b. The upper members are along the sides, with palms facing forward.
c. The head faces forward.

14. a. Midsagittal or median plane.

b. Sagittal plane.
c. Horizontal or transverse plane.
d. Frontal or coronal plane.

15. It is correct to say that a is lateral to b and c, b is medial to a and lateral to c, and c is medial to a and b. We speak of d as the lateral border. We speak of e as the medial border.

16. The portion marked a is the distal third. The portion marked c is the proximal third. The end marked d is the distal end. The end marked e is the proximal end.

17. A cell is the microscopic unit of body organization.

18. a. Ribosomes.

b. Mitochondrion.
c. Endoplasmic reticulum.
d. Nucleus.
e. Centrioles.
f. Cytoplasm.
g. Cell membrane.